commonly called a

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

cănis ( cănes, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 18; id. Trin. 1, 2, 133; 1, 2, 135; Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll., or Ann. v. 518 Vahl.; Lucil. ap. Varr. ib.; cf. Charis. 1, 17, p. 118 P.; abl. always cane; gen. plur. canum; v. Neue, Formenl. pp. 223, 258 sq.), comm. [Sanscr. cvan; Gr. kuôn, kunos; Germ. Hund; Engl. hound].

Lit., a dog.

In gen., v. Varr. R. R. 1, 21; 2, 9, 1 sqq.; Plin. 8, 40, 61, § 142 sqq.; Col. 7, 12, 1: tantidem quasi feta canes sine dentibus latrat, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll. (Ann. v. 518 Vahl.):

introiit in aedĭs ater alienus canis,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 25: inritata canes, Lucil. ap. Charis. 1, p. 100 P.:

canem inritatam imitarier,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 25:

in Hyrcaniă plebs publicos alit canes, optumates domesticos: nobile autem genus canum illud scimus esse, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 45, 108:

si lupi canibus similes sunt,

id. Ac. 2, 16, 50:

canes ut montivagae persaepe ferai Naribus inveniunt quietes,

Lucr. 1, 405:

canis acer,

Hor. Epod. 12, 6:

acres,

Varr. R. R. 1, 21:

acriores et vigilantiores,

Cato, R. R. 124:

assiduus,

Col. R. R. 7, 12, 5:

catenarius,

Sen. Ira, 3, 37, 2:

catenă vinctus,

Petr. 29:

Molossi,

Hor. S. 2, 6, 115; cf. Lucr. 5, 1063:

obscenae,

Verg. G. 1, 470; Ov. F. 4, 936:

pastoralis,

Col. 7, 12, 3:

pecuarius,

id. 7, 12, 8:

pulicosa,

id. 7, 13, 2:

rabidi,

Lucr. 5, 892; Sen. Oedip. 932:

rabiosus,

Plin. 29, 4, 32, § 98:

saeva canum rabies,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 17; Plin. 8, 40, 63, § 152:

est verunculus in linguă canum, quo exempto nec rabidi fuint, etc.,

id. 29, 4, 32, § 100: rabiosa. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 75:

venatici,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 13, § 31; Nep. Pel. 2, 5:

alere canes ad venandum,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 30; Curt. 9, 1, 31:

vigiles,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

canum fida custodia,

Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 150:

fida canum vis,

Lucr. 6, 1222:

levisomna canum fido cum pectore corda,

id. 5, 864:

caput mediae canis praecisae,

Liv. 40, 6, 1; cf. Curt. 10, 9, 12:

saepe citos egi per juga longa canes,

Ov. H. 5, 20:

canibus circumdare saltus,

Verg. E. 10, 57:

hos non inmissis canibus agitant,

id. G. 3, 371:

leporem canibus venari,

id. ib. 3, 410.—

Esp.

As a term of reproach, to denote,

A shameless, vile person, Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 40; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 33 Donat. ad loc.; Hor. Epod. 6, 1; cf. id. S. 2, 2, 56; Petr. 74, 9; Suet. Vesp. 13. —

A fierce or enraged person, Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 14, 5, 1, 18; Hyg. Fab. 3; cf. Cic. Rosc. Am. 20, 57; Sen. Cons. Marc. 22, 5.—

As the regular designation of the hangers-on or parasites of an eminent or rich Roman; a follower, dog, creature:

multa sibi opus esse, multa canibus suis quos circa se habuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 48, § 126:

cohors ista quorum hominum est? Volusii haruspices et Canelii medici et horum canum quos tribunal meum vides lambere,

id. ib. 2, 3, 11, §

28: apponit de suis canibus quendam,

id. ib. 2, 4, 19, § 40; 2, 5, 56, § 146; id. Att. 6, 3, 6; id. Pis. 10, 23.—

In mythical lang.

Tergeminus, i. e. Cerberus. Ov. A. A. 3, 322; id. Tr. 4, 7, 16;

called also viperius,

id. Am. 3, 12, 26:

Tartareus,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 649:

triformis,

id. Herc. Oet. 1202: Echidnaea. Ov. M. 7, 409; cf.:

infernae canes,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 35; Verg. A. 6, 257; Luc. 6, 733. —

Semidei canes, Anubis, Luc. 8, 832.—

Prov.

Stultitia est venatum ducere invitas canes, Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 82.—

Cane pejus et angui Vitare aliquid, Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 30.—

Ut canis a corio numquam absterrebitur uncto, will never be frightened from the greasy hide, Hor. S. 2, 5, 83.—

Canis caninam non ēst (cf. Engl. dog won ' t eat dog), Auct. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 32 Müll.—

A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper, Ov. R. Am. 422.—

CAVE CANEM, beware of the dog, a frequent inscription of warning to trespassers on doors, etc., Petr. 29; Varr. ap. Non. p. 153, 1; Inscr. Orell. 4320. —Hence:

Cave Canem,

the title of a satire by Varro, Non. p. 75, 22.—

Transf. [p. 279]

Esp.:

Canis Major, or simply Canis,

a constellation of twenty stars, Hyg. Astr. 3, 34; of which the brighest is Sirius or Canicula, Cic. N. D. 2, 44, 114; id. Arat. 108 (349); 123 (367); 138 (382); 276 (522); Vitr. 9, 5, 2; Verg. G. 1, 218; 2, 353; Hor. S. 1, 7, 25; id. Ep. 1, 10, 16; Tib. 3, 5, 2; Ov. F. 4, 904; Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 234 sqq.—

Canis Minor, or Minusculus, the Little Dog, = Prokuôn, commonly called Antecanis (hence the plur. canes), Vitr. 9, 52; Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 268; Ov. F. 4, 904.—Acc. to the fable, the dog of Erigone, daughter of Icarius;

hence, Erigoneïus,

Ov. F. 5, 723, and Icarius, id. ib. 4, 939.—

The sea-dog, called canis marinus, Plin. 9, 35, 55, § 110; and mythically, of the dogs of Scylla, Lucr. 5, 890; Verg. A. 3, 432; Tib. 3, 4, 89; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 146; Luc. 1, 549 Cort.; Sen. Med. 351.—

The worst throw with dice, the dog-throw (cf. canicula and alea):

damnosi,

Prop. 4 (5), 8, 46; Ov. Tr. 2, 474:

canem mittere,

Suet. Aug. 71; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 65.—Prov.:

tam facile quam canis excidit,

Sen. Apocol. 10, 2.—

A Cynic philosopher:

Diogenes cum choro canum suorum,

Lact. Epit. 39, 4.—

A kind of fetter, Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 37 dub. (al. camum; v. camus); cf. 1. catulus.

Cănis, is, m., a small river tributary to the Po, Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 117.

quaestor (old orthogr., QVAISTOR, Epit. of the Scipios, et saep.), ōris, m. [contr. from quaesitor, from quaero], a quætor, the title of a class of Roman magistrates, some of whom had charge of the pecuniary affairs of the State, while others conducted certain criminal trials (but only, it would seem, as delegates or commissioners of the people):

quaestores a quaerendo, qui conquirerent publicas pecunias et maleficia, quae triumviri capitales nunc conquirunt: ab his postea, qui quaestionum judicia exercent, quaestores dicti,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 81 Müll.:

et quia de capite civis Romani injussu populi non erat lege permissum consulibus jus dicere, propterea quaestores constituebantur a populo, qui capitalibus rebus praeessent: hique appellabantur quaestores parricidii, quorum etiam meminit lex duodecim tabularum,

Dig. 1, 2, 2, § 23; cf.: parricidii quaestores appellabantur, qui solebant creari causā rerum capitalium quaerendarum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 221 Müll. (cf. Fest. p. 258, 31). But they were commonly called simply quaestores, Liv. 2, 41, 11; 3, 24, 3; Cic. Rep. 2, 35, 60.— As a standing magistracy, the quæstors were treasurers of State, treasurers. They distributed their duties among themselves by lot, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 13, § 34; id. Mur. 8, 18. Of these the quaestor urbanus or aerarii, who remained at Rome, took charge of the treasury, of the [p. 1503] public revenues and expenditures, of the standards deposited in the aerarium, etc., Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 2; Cic. Har. Resp. 20, 43; id. Verr. 1, 4, 11; Liv. 7, 23; 26, 47; Val. Max. 5, 1, 1; Tac. A. 13, 28. The quæstors appointed as assistants to the consuls or prætors for the provinces, called quaestores provinciales or militares, provided for the payment and provisioning of the troops, collected the imposts, and, in the absence of the governor, acted in his stead, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 19, 61; id. Planc. 11, 28; id. Sen. 10, 32; Liv. 26, 47. Service in the higher offices of State began with the quæstorship, the lowest of them which conferred a seat in the Senate, to which no one was legally eligible before the age of twenty-five, Tac. A. 11, 22. Augustus instituted a new sort of quæstors, quaestores candidati or principis (Caesaris), who conveyed the imperial messages to the Senate, Plin. Ep. 7, 16, 2; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 43, 3:

oratio principis per quaestorem ejus audita est,

Tac. A. 16, 27; Dig. 1, 13, 1; cf. candidatus, 2. The emperor Constantine appointed quaestores palatii or chancellors, Cod. Th. 1, 8; 6, 9; 7, 62, 32; Cassiod. Var. 6, 5;

called QVAESTOR INTRA PALATIVM,

Inscr. Orell. 1188.—

Trop.:

quaestor non imperii, sed doloris mei,

Cic. Red. in Sen. 14, 35 (bracketed as dub. by B. and K.).

* * *

Aegĭăleus (quadrisyl.), ĕi, m., = Aigialeus.

Son of Æetes, brother of Medea, commonly called Absyrtus; he was cut to pieces by his sister in her flight, and scattered upon the sea-shore, Pac. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 19, 48; Just. 43, 3.—

Son of Adrastus, one of the Epigoni before Thebes, slain by Laodamas, Hyg. Fab. 71.

Ăpollĭnāris, e, adj. [Apollo], belonging or sacred to Apollo, of Apollo.

Adj.:

laurea,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 9:

Apollinarem (aedem),

Liv. 3, 63, 7 Weissenb.—Hence, Ludi Apollinares, the games celebrated in honor of Apollo, annually, on the 5th of July, Liv. 25, 12; 27, 23; Cic. Att. 2, 19; id. Phil. 10, 3; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 19 al.—

Subst.

ăpol-lĭnāris, is, f. (sc. herba), the herb commonly called hyoscyamus, Plin. 26, 14, 87, § 140. —

A species of solanum, App. Herb. 22.

Ăpollĭnāris, e, adj. [Apollo], belonging or sacred to Apollo, of Apollo.

Adj.:

laurea,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 9:

Apollinarem (aedem),

Liv. 3, 63, 7 Weissenb.—Hence, Ludi Apollinares, the games celebrated in honor of Apollo, annually, on the 5th of July, Liv. 25, 12; 27, 23; Cic. Att. 2, 19; id. Phil. 10, 3; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 19 al.—

Subst.

ăpol-lĭnāris, is, f. (sc. herba), the herb commonly called hyoscyamus, Plin. 26, 14, 87, § 140. —

A species of solanum, App. Herb. 22.

părĭambus, i, m., = pariambos.

A metrical foot consisting of a short and two long syllables (˘¯¯), Diom. p. 475 P.—

A metrical foot consisting of a long and four short syllables (¯˘˘˘˘), Diom. p. 478 P.—

A metrical foot consisting of two short syllables, commonly called a pyrrhichius, Diom. p. 471 P.; cf. Mar. Vict. p. 2486 ib.; Quint. 9, 4, 80.

ădŭlescens (only ădŏl- in the verb and part. proper), entis ( gen. plur. usu. adulescentium, e. g. Cic. Tusc. 5, 27 al.:

adulescentum,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130).

P. a., growing up, not yet come to full growth, young:

eodem ut jure uti senem liceat, quo jure sum usus adulescentior, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 3: uti adulescentior aetati concederet, etc.,

Sall. H. 1, 11 (Fragm. ap. Prisc. 902).— Trop., of the new Academic philosophy:

adulescentior Academia,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1.— Sup. and adv. not used.—

Subst. comm. gen., one who has not yet attained maturity, a youth, a young man; a young woman, a maiden (between the puer and juvenis, from the 15th or 17th until past the 30th year, often even until near the 40th; but the same person is often called in one place adulescens, and in another juvenis, e. g. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, with Att. 2, 12; cf. id. Top. 7; often the adulescentia passes beyond the period of manhood, even to senectus; while in other cases adulescentia is limited to 25 years, Cic. Tusc. 2, 1, 2 Goer.: “Primo gradu usque ad annum XV. pueros dictos, quod sint puri, i. e. impubes. Secundo ad XXX. annum ab adolescendo sic nominatos,” Varr. ap. Censor. cap. 14. “Tertia (aetas) adulescentia ad gignendum adulta, quae porrigitur (ab anno XIV.) usque ad vigesimum octavum annum,” Isid. Orig. 11, 2, 4. Thus Cicero, in de Or. 2, 2, calls Crassus adulescens, though he was 34 years old; in id. Phil. 2, 44, Brutus and Cassius, when in their 40th year, are called adulescentes; and in id. ib. 46, Cicero calls himself, at the time of his consulship, i. e. in his 44th year, adulescens; cf. Manut. ap. Cic. Fam. 2, 1, p. 146):

tute me ut fateare faciam esse adulescentem moribus,

Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 67:

bonus adulescens,

Ter. And. 4, 7, 4:

adulescentes bonā indole praediti,

Cic. Sen. 8, 26:

adulescens luxu perditus,

Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 42:

adulescens perditus et dissolutus,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 25; Vulg. Gen. 34, 19; ib. Matt. 19, 20.—Homo and adulescens are often used together:

amanti homini adulescenti,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 94; Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 53; Cic. Fam. 2, 15:

hoc se labore durant homines adulescentes,

Caes. B. G. 6, 28; Sall. C. 38; id. J. 6; Liv. 2, 6.— Fem.:

optimae adulescenti facere injuriam,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 8:

Africani filia adulescens,

Cic. Div. 1, 18 fin. The young Romans who attended the proconsuls and propraetors in the provinces were sometimes called adulescentes (commonly contubernales), Caes. B. C. 1, 23; 1, 51. Sometimes adulescens serves to distinguish the younger of two persons of the same name:

Brutus adulescens,

Caes. B. G. 7, 87: P. Crassus adulescens, id. ib. 1, 52, and 3, 7:

L. Caesar adulescens,

id. B. C. 1, 8.

sŭi ( gen.), dat. sibī̆, acc. and abl. se or sese, sing. and plur. (old dat. sibei, C. I. L. 1, 38; 1, 1056;

1, 1180 et saep.: sibe,

ib. 1, 1267; 5, 300; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 24; and v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 180 sq.; on the quantity of the final i, v. Ritschl, Opusc. 2, p. 632 sqq.; old acc. sed, C. I. L. 1, 196, 13 sq.; 1, 197, 21; strengthened acc. sepse = se ipse, Cic. Rep. 3, 8, 12; cf. Sen. Ep. 108, 32:

semet,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 78; Liv. 2, 12, 7; 2, 44, 8 al.), pron. of 3d pers. in recipr. and reflex. sense [Sanscr. sva-, svajam-, self; Gr. he, We, sphe (hou, hoi, he); cf. suus, old Lat. sovos; v. Curt. Gr. Etym. p. 396; Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 54], of himself, of herself, of itself, of themselves; one another, each other, etc.; him, her, it, them; and, as subj. of inf., he, she, it, they (on the use of se or sese in acc., cf.: ut se dicamus, cum aliquem quid in alium fecisse ostendimus, ut puta: ille dicit se hoc illi fecisse;

cum autem in se ipsum, tunc dicamus sese, velut: dixit sese hoc sibi fecisse,

Charis. 1, 15, p. 86 P.; but the distinction is not commonly observed; the two forms being used indifferently, except that sese is preferred where there is emphasis, especially at the beginning or end of a clause, or in reference to a preceding ipse; v. infra; and cf. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 182 sqq.).

Prop., as pron. reflex., of an object considered as receiving or affected by its own act, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

In all clauses, referring to the grammatical subject of the clause.

As direct obj. of verb:

dedistine gladium, qui se occideret?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 92:

artis eloquar quem ad modum se expediant,

id. ib. 2, 1, 10:

se in plagas conicere,

id. ib. 2, 1, 12:

numquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

id. ib. 3, 2, 58: se aperiunt, Ter. And. 4, 1, 8:

adplicat ad Chrysidis patrem se,

id. ib. 5, 4, 22:

si is posset ab ea sese avellere,

id. Hec. 4, 1, 39:

hi se ad nos adplicant,

id. Heaut. 2, 4, 13:

per eos, ne causam diceret, se eripuit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

cum ferrum se inflexisset,

id. ib. 1, 25:

praecipites fugae sese mandabant,

id. ib. 2, 24:

si se telo defenderet fur,

Cic. Mil. 3, 9:

Catoni licuit Tusculi se in otio delectare,

id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

solum igitur quod se ipsum movet, numquam ne moveri quidem desinit,

id. ib. 6, 25, 27:

statim homo se erexit,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60:

majores acceperamus se a Gallis auro redemisse,

Liv. 22, 59, 7:

in montem sese recipere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 26; Cic. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

ad inpedimenta se conferre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26:

sese alicui ad pedes proicere,

id. ib. 1, 31:

se gerere,

to behave, Cic. Agr. 2, 19, 53:

sic se res habet, ut, etc.,

id. de Or. 2, 67, 271; id. Fin. 1, 7, 25; 5, 10, 27 sq.:

quod uxor sua ex fico se suspendisset,

Quint. 6, 3, 88. — Strengthened by ipse, nom.:

hic se ipsus fallit,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 15:

ut se ipse diliget,

Cic. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

ipse enim se quisque diligit,

id. Lael. 21, 80:

ita non modo superiores, sed etiam se ipse correxerat,

id. Or. 52, 176:

omne animal se ipsum diligit,

id. Fin. 5, 9, 24:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

Nep. Paus. 4, 3:

miles se ipse interfecit,

Tac. H. 3, 51; 4, 11:

ne, ignorando regem, semet ipse aperiret quis esset,

Liv. 2, 12, 7:

nec sese ipsi gravant,

Quint. 1, 12, 10.—Sometimes acc.:

inperator qui se ipsum non continet,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 13, 38:

quid est enim se ipsum colligere, nisi, etc.,

id. Tusc. 4, 36, 78; 1, 23, 53:

ut quidam imperatores se ipsos dis inmortalibus devoverent,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 10:

quod si se ipsos illi nostri liberatores e conspectu nostro abstulerunt,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

admovisse semet ipsos lateri suo,

Curt. 7, 1, 14:

gladio se ipsam transfixit,

Vell. 2, 26, 3.—In gerund. construction:

ne sui in perpetuum liberandi occasionem dimittant,

Caes. B. G. 5, 38; 3, 6; 4, 34:

principes sui conservandi causa profugerunt,

Cic. Cat. 1, 3, 7:

maximam causam ad se inundandam terra praestabit,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 29, 4.—

As indirect obj.:

animo servit, non sibi,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 27:

sapiens ipsus fingit fortunam sibi,

id. ib. 2, 2, 84:

ne ibi diffregisset crura aut cervices sibi,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 126:

nil aliud nisi quod sibi soli placet consulit,

id. Trin. 2, 3, 4:

quaerunt sibi liberos,

id. Ps. 1, 1, 21:

aurum habeat sibi,

id. Mil. 4, 2, 108:

illum multae sibi expetessunt,

id. ib. 4, 6, 16:

tum me convivam solum abducebat sibi,

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 17:

non sibi soli postulat, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 27:

nunc sibi uxorem expetit,

id. And. 3, 2, 40:

is sibi legationem ad civitates suscepit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

neque sibi homines feros temperaturos existimabat, quin exirent, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 33:

hoc sibi nomen adrogare,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50; 1, 5, 9:

alia sunt tamquam sibi nata,

id. Fin. 3, 19, 63:

proposita sibi morte,

id. Sest. 21, 48; id. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

ne, illo cunctante, Numidae sibi consulant,

Sall. J. 62, 1:

ut populum Romanum sibi desumerent hostem,

Liv. 7, 20, 5:

Turnus, praelatum sibi advenam aegre patiens,

id. 1, 2:

petebant ut regis sui filiam matrimonio sibi jungeret,

Curt. 8, 1, 9:

nemo sibi tantummodo errat,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 1, 4:

locum sibi ad formam sui exsculpsit,

id. Q. N. 4, 3, 4.—With ipse:

ipse tantos sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

nec ipsi sibi exemplo sunt,

Cic. Lael. 21, 80:

iste, quasi praeda sibi advecta, ducit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 25, § 64:

Junius necem sibi ipse conscivit,

id. N. D. 2, 3, 7:

voluntarium non sibimet ipse solum, sed etiam funeri suo exilium indixit,

Liv. 39, 52, 9:

proinde consulant sibi ipsi,

Just. 16, 4, 15:

avaritia, quae quicquid omnibus abstulit, sibi ipsi neget,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6; cf. Cic. Marc. 5, 13. —

After substt., adjj., etc.:

omnino est amans sui virtus,

Cic. Lael. 26, 98:

ut sit sui similis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 7:

omnem naturam esse servatricem sui,

Cic. Fin. 5, 9, 26:

cum videret, si non paruisset, dissimilem se futurum sui,

id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Tusc. 1, 19, 43: nihil malo quam et me mei similem esse et illos sui, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A, 2:

habetis ducem memorem vestri, oblitum sui,

Cic. Cat. 4, 9, 19:

potens sui,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 41:

nihil est tam incontinens sui,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 30, 6:

quod sibi obsit, quia sit sibi inimicus,

Cic. Fin. 5, 10, 28: inimicus ipse [p. 1795] sibi putandus est, id. ib.:

cum ipsi homines sibi sint per se cari,

id. ib. 5, 13, 38:

Medus infestus sibi,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 19:

crescit indulgens sibi hydrops,

id. ib. 2, 2, 13; cf.:

nec enim utilius quicquam est quam sibi utilem fieri,

Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 5:

Campanus se digna probra in insontem jacere,

Liv. 25, 18, 8:

(mundus) se ipse consumptione alebat sui,

Cic. Univ. 6:

cum multa adsoleat veritas praebere vestigia sui,

Liv. 40, 54, 8:

caecus amor sui,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 14:

sui contemptor,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

in spem sui bonam adducitur,

Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 3:

(aer) ima sui parte maxime varius est,

id. Q. N. 2, 11, 1:

ipsa (virtus) pretium sui,

id. Vit. Beat. 9, 4:

neque est quod existimes illum vilem sibi fuisse: pretium se sui fecit,

id. Ben. 1, 9, 1:

saepe taedio laboris ad vilitatem sui compelluntur ignavi,

Curt. 5, 9, 7:

nemo non benignus est sui judex,

Sen. Ben. 2, 26, 1:

Romanus in ipso fine vitae vindex sui exstitit,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 11:

equestris ordinis juventus omnibus annis bis urbem spectaculo sui celebrabat,

id. 2, 2, 9; cf. with ipse:

utpote ipsa sui appellatione virorum majestati debitum a feminis reddens honorem,

id. 2, 1, 7. —

With prepp.:

qui admisit in se culpam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 6:

culpam ut ab se segregent,

id. ib. 1, 2, 42:

segregat ab se omnis,

id. Mil. 4, 6, 17; 4, 6, 62:

me ad se deduxit,

id. ib. 2, 1, 121; 3, 1, 118; id. Ps. 3, 2, 6:

quae me non excludit ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

id. Men. 4, 2, 108:

habet aliud (negotium) magis ex se et majus,

Ter. And. 5, 4, 51:

et fingunt quandam inter se nunc fallaciam,

id. ib. 1, 3, 15:

duxit secum virginem,

id. Eun. 2, 1, 23; Cic. Att. 5, 17, 3; Liv. 35, 30; 43, 18:

ex se generare,

Quint. 1, 1, 36: — pro se quisque = unusquisque, every one, each one singly, etc., freq. in Livy (cf. suus, II. D. 2.):

Pro se quisque id quod quisque potest... Edit,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 76:

pro se quisque alius agnum inmolabat, alius pullum,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 6, 2:

pro se quisque sedulo Faciebant,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 74:

cum pro se quisque tenderet ad portas,

Liv. 6, 3; 6, 8; 1, 9; 1, 59;

2, 6: — Boiosque receptos ad se socios sibi adsciscunt,

Caes. B. G. 1, 5 fin.:

exercitum ante se mittit,

id. ib. 1, 21:

supra se collocare,

id. ib. 1, 24:

ex materia in se omnia recipiente mundum factum esse,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

litteras ad se ab amico missas protulit,

id. Phil. 2, 4, 7:

praedam prae se agentes,

Liv. 5, 45; 38, 21:

quam (rem publicam) exercitus, quantum in se fuit, prodebat,

id. 2, 43; 9, 40; Nep. Iphic. 3, 4; cf. id. Hann. 12, 2 (v. infra, II. B. 2.):

quibus poterat sauciis ductis secum,

Liv. 4, 39.—Rarely referring to subj. inf.:

nam dicere apud eum de facinore... cum per se ipsum consideres, grave est,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 4:

non quia per se beatum est malo caruisse,

Sen. Q. N. 1, prol. 6. —

With inf. pass. in obj.-clause:

ne quis se aut suorum aliquem praetermissum queratur,

Cic. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

quibus (nominibus) illae res publicae sese appellari velint,

id. ib. 1, 33, 50:

qui se minus timidos existimari volebant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39, 6.—

As predicate ( = suus, II. B. 2. d; very rare):

quisquis est deus, si modo est alius... totus est sensuus, totus visuus, totus audituus, totus animae, totus animi, totus sui,

in his own power, independent, Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 14. —

Referring to a logical subject, other than the grammatical subj. of the clause.

To a definite subj.:

neque praeter se umquam ei servos fuit,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 48:

hunc aiebant indignum civitate ac sese vivere,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 176: exercitum consumptum videtis;

quem turpiter se ex fuga recipientem ne qua civitas recipiat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 7, 20 fin.:

reliquos sese convertere cogunt,

id. B. C. 1, 46:

multis illi in urbibus reficiendi se et curandi potestas fuit,

Cic. Phil. 9, 3, 6:

cur his persequendi juris sui adimis potestatem,

id. Div. in Caecil. 6, 21:

cum nihil sit periculosius quam spatium confirmandi sese Antonio dari,

id. Fam. 10, 33, 5:

tantam ingenuit animantibus conservandi sui natura custodiam,

id. N. D. 2, 48, 124:

neque sui colligendi hostibus facultatem relinquunt,

Caes. B. G. 3, 6:

ut quam minimum spatii ad se colligendos Romanis daretur,

id. ib. 3, 19; 3, 4; 4, 34; Hirt. B. G. 8, 16:

Gallica acies nullum spatium respirandi recipiendique se dedit,

Liv. 10, 28, 11:

nec raptis aut spes de se melior aut indignatio est minor,

id. 1, 9, 14: Faustulo spes fuerat regiam stirpem apud se educari, id. 1, 5, 5:

proelium cum fiducia sui commissum est,

id. 7, 33, 5; 10, 14, 17:

detecta fraus cautiores Thyreensis fecit: dato responso, nullam se novam societatem accepturos, etc.,

id. 36, 12, 8:

patres censuerunt, qui honorem, quem sibi capere per leges liceret, peteret, etc.,

id. 32, 7, 11:

jusso magistro equitum abdicare se magistratu,

id. 4, 35; 22, 33, 12:

haec cum apud timentes sibimet ipsos increpuissent,

id. 6, 37, 1:

ab ipso, quaerenti sibi commendationem ad gentem monitus,

id. 36, 8, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.:

signa peditum, prae se habentium scuta,

id. 38, 21, 3:

invenere oppidanos vim hostium ab se arcentes,

id. 6, 9, 7:

exire enim sua secum efferentibus jussis primum arma ademit,

id. 43, 18, 11; cf.

§ 10: quos in numerum pecorum redegit ignoratio sui,

Sen. Vit. Beat. 5, 2:

quia nullum illis sui regimen est,

id. Ep. 94, 67:

inter se nihil inlicitum,

Tac. H. 5, 5; 1, 64:

quasi objurgatio sui est,

Quint. 11, 3, 49.—

To indefinite subj.:

deforme est de se ipsum praedicare,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

posse enim liberalitate uti non spoliantem se patrimonio nimirum est pecuniae fructus maximus,

id. ib. 2, 18, 64:

non arbitrari sese scire quod nesciat,

id. Ac. 1, 4, 16:

cui proposita sit conservatio sui,

id. Fin. 5, 13, 37:

sic amicitiae... effectrices sunt voluptatum tam amicis quam sibi,

id. ib. 1, 20, 67:

amare... etiam si ad se ex iis nihil redeat,

id. ib. 2, 24, 78:

(judicatio) quae aut sui laudem aut adversarii vituperationem contineat,

id. Inv. 1, 51, 97; id. Or. 36, 124; id. Off. 1, 39, 139:

ut, quanti quisque se faciat, tanti fiat ab amicis,

id. Lael. 16, 59; id. Off. 1, 28, 99; id. Rosc. Com. 17, 52 fin.:

si nullus ex se metus aut spes,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

ceterum et interrogandi se ipsum et respondendi sibi solent esse non ingratae vices,

Quint. 9, 2, 14:

sibi servire gravissima est servitus,

Sen. Q. N. 3, praef. 17:

quam multa sunt vota, quae etiam sibi fateri pudet,

id. Ben. 6, 38, 5:

nec haec vilitas sui est,

id. Clem. 1, 3, 4:

culpa est, immiscere se rei ad se non pertinenti,

Dig. 50, 17, 36:

profecto est supplicio se liberare tam facile quam supplicium perpeti,

Val. Max. 3, 2, 6.

Hence, in dependent clauses, transf., as pers. pron. 3d pers., with reflex. reference, him, her, it, them; he, she, they, etc.

In gen., of an obj. indentified with,

The gram. subj. of the principal clause:

qui omnis se amare credit, quemque aspexerit,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 9, 14:

illa mulier lapidem silicem subigere ut se amet, potest,

id. Poen. 1, 2, 77; id. Cas. prol. 46:

orare jussit, si se ames, jam ut ad sese venias,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 4:

ait, si... non id metuat, ne, ubi acceperim, Sese relinquam,

id. Eun. 1, 2, 61:

timet animum amicae se erga ut sit suae,

id. Heaut. 1, 2, 15:

utrumque jussit interfici, alterum, quia viam demonstravisset interimendi sui,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 20, 60:

qui precabantur, ut sibi sui liberi superstites essent,

id. N. D. 2, 28, 72; id. Prov. Cons. 17, 42:

ne ipse quidem sua tanta eloquentia mihi persuasisset, ut se dimitterem,

id. Or. 28, 100:

impetrat a senatu, ut dies sibi prorogaretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 38, § 98:

hunc sibi ex animo scrupulum, qui se dies noctisque stimulat, ut evellatis, postulat,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 6:

Iccius nuntios ad eum mittit, nisi subsidium sibi submittatur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

quos cum apud se conspexisset... quid ad se venirent,

id. ib. 1, 47:

mittit, qui petant atque orent, ut sibi subveniat,

id. B. C. 1, 17:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit, ne se prodiret,

Nep. Paus. 8, 6:

cum ejus principes animadvertisset timere, ne propter se bellum eis Lacedaemonii indicerent,

id. Them. 8, 3:

Ubii legatos mittunt, qui doceant... neque ab se fidem laesam,

Caes. B. G. 6, 9:

tum Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc.,

Liv. 2, 55, 6:

transfugit, patris in se saevitiam conquerens,

id. 1, 53, 5:

praesidia imposuit in urbibus, quae ad se defecerant,

Sall. J. 61, 1:

navigia sarcina depressa parum ostendunt non aquam sibi resistere?

Sen. Q. N. 2, 9, 3.—So in phrases incorporated with a principal clause:

Nicias vehementer tua sui memoria delectatur,

Cic. Att. 13, 1, 3:

nihil est appetentius similium sui,

id. Lael. 14, 50: Pompeius facultatem sui insequendi ademerat, Caes. B. C. 1, 29:

praefectum in se ruentem trans fixit,

Curt. 4, 16, 23:

rediere cum legatis ad redimendos sese missis,

Liv. 22, 59, 18:

potestatem omnibus adeundi sui fecit,

Suet. Tib. 40:

Germanicus legiones universas sibi summam reipublicae deferentes compescuit,

id. Calig. 1:

quam si di inmortales potestatem visendi sui faciant,

Sen. Clem. 1, 19, 9:

(terra) non potest tam multa tantoque se ipsa majora nutrire, nisi, etc.,

id. Q. N. 6, 16, 3.—

Of an obj. indentified with a logical subj., other than the gram. subj. of the leading clause:

a Caesare valde liberaliter invitor, sibi ut sim legatus,

Cic. Att. 2, 18, 3:

horum unum quidque... a se potius quam ab adversariis stare demonstrabitur,

id. Inv. 1, 43, 81; id. Mil. 16, 44:

nam mihi scito jam a regibus adlatas esse litteras, quibus mihi gratias agant, quod se mea sententia reges appellaverim,

id. Fam. 9, 15, 4:

testem rei publicae relinquere, meae perpetuae erga se voluntatis,

id. ib. 1, 4, 10:

quos non tam ulcisci studeo quam sanare sibi ipsos,

id. Cat. 2, 8, 17:

quo ex oppido cum legati ad eum venissent oratum, ut sibi ignosceret,

Caes. B. G. 7, 12; Liv. 6, 42; 1, 5:

cum ei in suspitionem venisset, aliquid in epistula de se esse scriptum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 1:

cohortem octavam decimam Lugduni, solitis sibi hibernis, relinqui placuit,

Tac. H. 1, 64. —

In partic., in reported words or thoughts (orat. obliqua) referring to the person to whom they are ascribed.

As subj. or obj., direct or indirect, with inf.:

quos Hannibal misit astrictos jure jurando se redituros esse, nisi, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 40:

Postumius mihi nuntiavit... se a Marcello ad me missum esse,

id. Fam. 4, 12, 2:

qui dixisse fertur a se visum esse Romulum... eum sibi mandasse ut populum rogaret ut sibi eo in colle delubrum fieret: se deum esse,

id. Rep. 2, 10, 20; id. Mil. 35, 95 sqq.:

nuntium mittit... sese diutius sustinere non posse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 6 fin.:

Divitiacus Caesarem obsecrare coepit... scire se illa esse vera, nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere... sese tamen amore fraterno commoveri,

id. ib. 1, 20:

unum se esse, qui, etc.... ob eam rem se ex civitate profugisse,

id. ib. 1, 31:

haec sibi esse curae,

id. ib. 1, 40:

non sese Gallis, sed Gallos sibi bellum intulisse,

id. ib. 1, 44:

ipsos se inter multitudinem militum occultasse,

id. ib. 7, 38:

sensit Themistocles, si eo pervenisset, sibi esse pereundum,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

dato responso (sc. a Thyreensibus), nullam se novam societatem accepturos,

Liv. 36, 12, 8.—

In subordinate clauses, questions, exhortations, etc., with subj.

In gen.:

qui abs te taciti requirunt, cur sibi hoc oneris imposueris, cur se potissimum delegeris,

Cic. Planc. 18, 46; 2, 6; id. Marc. 10, 30:

conclamavit, quid ad se venirent?

Caes. B. G. 1, 47:

unum petere ac deprecari... ne se armis despoliaret,

id. ib. 2, 31:

ad quos cum Caesar nuntios misisset, qui postularent, eos qui sibi bellum intulissent, sibi dederent,

id. ib. 4, 16:

cur sui quicquam esse imperii trans Rhenum postularet?

id. ib.:

Cicero respondit, si ab armis discedere velint, se adjutore utantur,

id. ib. 5, 41:

Veneti legationem ad Crassum mittunt, si velit suos recipere, obsides sibi remittat,

id. ib. 7, 4:

rex ignarus quae legati ejus (Hannibalis) ad se adlaturi fuissent,

Liv. 23, 39:

hac necessitate coactus, domino navis, qui sit, aperit, multa pollicens, si se conservasset,

Nep. Them. 8, 6:

legatos in Bithyniam miserunt, qui ab rege peterent, ne inimicissimum suum secum haberent sibique dederet (for secum, v. I. A. 4. supra),

id. Hann. 12, 2.—

Esp., in subordinate clauses (sub-oblique), with subj. expressing the assertion or view of the person reported as speaking:

magnam Caesarem injuriam facere, qui vectigalia sibi deteriora faceret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36:

quod sibi Caesar denuntiaret,

id. ib.:

sed eo deceptum, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret, quare timeret,

id. ib. 1, 14:

quod nec paratus... obsecutus esset, credidissetque, cum se vidissent Aetoli, omnia, etc.,

Liv. 35, 44, 3:

Ambiorix locutus est,... sua esse ejusmodi imperia, ut non minus haberet juris in se multitudo, quam ipse in multitudinem,

Caes. B. G. 5, 27:

Divitiacus ait,... nec quemquam ex eo plus quam se doloris capere, propterea quod per se crevisset,

id. ib. 1, 20: eos incusavit, quod sibi [p. 1796] quaerendum aut cogitandum putarent, etc., id. ib. 1, 40:

decima legio Caesari gratias egit, quod de se optimum judicium fecisset,

id. ib. 1, 41:

doluisse se, quod populi Romani beneficium sibi extorqueretur,

id. B. C. 1, 9:

tum ei dormienti eundem visum esse rogare ut, quoniam sibi vivo non subvenisset, etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 27, 57:

Scipionem Hannibal eo ipso, quod adversus se dux potissimum lectus esset, praestantem virum credebat,

Liv. 21, 39, 8:

Pausanias orare coepit... quod si eam veniam sibi dedisset, magno ei praemio futurum,

Nep. Paus. 4, 6:

neque prius vim adhibendam putaverunt, quam se ipse indicasset,

id. ib. 4, 3:

Caesar legatos cum his mandatis mittit, Quoniam... hanc sibi populoque Romano gratiam referret,

Caes. B. G. 1, 35:

nos esse iniquos, quod in suo jure se interpellaremus,

id. ib. 1, 44:

neque ipsos in his contentionibus, quas Aedui secum habuissent, usos esse, etc.,

id. ib.:

maximae sibi laetitiae esse praedicavit, quod aliquos patria sua se meliores viros haberet,

Val. Max. 6, 4, ext. 5.—Rarely with indic. when the author asserts the action as a fact: Volero, ubi indignantium pro se acerrimus erat clamor, etc. ( = eo; cf.

infra, C.),

Liv. 2, 55, 6.—

Without reflex. reference, = an oblique case of is or ipse (in the best prose rare, and mostly where the conception of the orat. obliq. is suggested by the context; cf.

B. 2. b. supra): i, seis, jube transire huc quantum possit, se ut videant domi Familiares ( = eam),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 26; 1, 1, 6:

me misit miles ad Eam... ut hinc in Elatiam hodie eat secum semul,

id. Bacch. 4, 2, 9:

ut eum, qui se hic vidit, verbis vincat, ne is se viderit,

id. Mil. 2, 2, 31; cf. v. 35;

3, 2, 54: ut eam in se dignam condicicnem conlocem,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 122:

ipsi hi mihi dant viam, quo pacto ab se argentum auferam,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 9; id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

dicit capram, quam dederam servandam sibi, etc.,

id. Merc. 2, 1, 15:

unum hoc scio, esse meritam, ut memor esses sui,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 46:

cum Epaminondas accusatur, quod ei, qui sibi ex lege praetor successerat, exercitum non tradiderit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 33, 55:

et se ipsum nobis, et eos, qui ante se fuerunt, in medio posuit,

id. ib. 2, 2, 7 (but B. and K. bracket se):

Dexo hic, quem videtis, non quae privatim sibi eripuisti, sed unicum abs te filium flagitat,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 49, § 128:

postea quam exposuit quae sibi videbantur,

id. Div. 1, 54, 122 (dub.;

B. and K. ipsi): et cum ad illum scribas, nihil te recordari de se,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 7, § 23 (B. and K. bracket de se):

quem Caesar, ut erat de se meritus, donatum pronuntiavit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 53:

Caesar Rhenum transire constituit... quod auxilia contra se Treveris miserant,

id. B. G. 6, 9 init.:

Metellus... in eis urbibus, quae ad se defecerant... praesidia inponit,

Sall. J. 61, 1; 66, 1:

Bocchus flectitur, reputando quae sibi duobus proeliis venerant,

id. ib. 103, 2:

statuit urbis, quae... adversum se opportunissimae erant, circumvenire,

id. ib. 88, 4:

ipse... ex perfugis cognitis... qui cum eo (Scipione) bellum contra se gerebant,

Hirt. B. Afr. 8 fin.:

vel quia nil rectum, nisi quod placuit sibi, ducunt,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 83; id. S. 2, 8, 82:

centum boves militibus dono dedit, qui secum fuerant,

Liv. 7, 37, 3; 8, 35:

Hannibalem angebat, quod Capua pertinacius oppugnata ab Romanis quam defensa ab se... animos averterat,

id. 26, 38, 1:

alter victus fratrum ante se strage,

id. 1, 25, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.;

7, 6, 12: Caesar... omnibus qui contra se arma tulerant, ignovit,

Vell. 2, 56, 1:

quamquam obsidione Massiliae, quae sibi in itinere portas clauserat, retardante... tamen omnia subegit,

Suet. Caes. 34:

cujus rector circa se dimicans occubuerat,

id. Tib. 4:

quod eos coegit superare Lacedaemonios, quos ante se nemo ausus fuit aspicere,

Nep. Epam. 8, 3 (cf.:

ante illum,

id. Iphic. 1, 3):

quae nox sibi proxima venit, insomnis,

Luc. 5, 805.

Pron. recipr., each other, one another:

nam cum esset Praenestinis nuntiatum... patres ac plebem in semet ipsos versos,

Liv. 6, 28, 1; so very rare, except in phrase: inter se, one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally, = allêlous (prop. between or among them, among themselves, hence no ellips. of another se is to be assumed; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 609; Hand, Turs. 3, p. 397 sqq.): nil cessarunt ilico Osculari atque amplexari inter se, Plaut. Mil. 5, 39; 2, 1, 61; 3, 1, 120:

video eos inter se amare,

Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 42:

neque solum colent inter se ac diligent (cf. ante: alter ab altero postulabit),

Cic. Lael. 22, 82:

Cicerones pueri amant inter se,

id. Att. 6, 1, 12; id. Q. Fr. 3, 3, 1; id. Cat. 3, 5, 13; id. N. D. 1, 44, 122:

inter se adspicere,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 13:

inter se congruere,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 62:

complecti inter se milites coepisse,

Liv. 7, 42, 6:

ut neque inter se contingant trabes,

Caes. B. G. 7, 23; id. B. C. 1, 21:

inter se nondum satis noti,

Liv. 21, 39, 7:

populus et senatus Romanus placide modesteque inter se rempublicam tractabant,

Sall. J. 41, 2:

bellum summa inter se contentione gerere,

Cic. Rep. 1, 16, 25:

cum inter se timerent,

Nep. Dion, 4, 1; id. Eum. 4, 2: haec inter se quam repugnent, contradict one another, Cic. Tusc. 3, 29, 72; id. N. D. 1, 12, 30 (cf.: sibi repugnare, to be inconsistent with itself;

v. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 1018): inter se differre,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1:

cur legendi sint, nisi ipsi inter se, qui idem sentiunt, non intellego,

by one another, Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 8:

quosdam inter se similis,

id. Ac. 2, 17, 55:

res inter se similes,

Quint. 9, 2, 51; 9, 4, 17. — With subst.:

adhaesitationes atomorum inter se,

Cic. Fin. 1, 6, 19:

quae res eos in bello inter se habuit,

Sall. J. 79, 3; cf.:

auxerant inter se opinionem,

their mutual regard, Liv. 21, 39, 9.—Pleon.:

vitam inter se utriusque conferte,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20:

compositis inter se rebus,

Sall. J. 66, 2:

vitatur duriorum inter se congressus,

Quint. 11, 3, 35.—Of local relation:

duas insulas propinquas inter se,

Sall. H. 1, 61 Dietsch; id. J. 98, 3:

postquam haud procul inter se erant,

id. ib. 53, 7:

haud longe inter se castra facere,

id. ib. 55, 6 (inter se, without recipr. reference, v. supra, I. A. 4.).

Idiomatic uses.

Se, with prepp., one ' s house, home; mostly ad se, apud se, to or at one ' s house, home, at home:

quae me non excludet ab se, sed apud se occludet domi,

Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 108:

postquam in aedis me ad se deduxit domum,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 43:

me ad se ad prandium, ad cenam vocant,

id. ib. 3, 1, 118: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

L. Caesar, ut veniam ad se, rogat,

Cic. Att. 15, 4, 5:

qui a me petierit ut secum et apud se essem cottidie,

id. ib. 5, 6, 1.—

Trop.:

num tibi videtur esse apud sese?

in his senses, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 85. —

Sibi pleonast. as dat. of the interested person:

ipse autem Ariovistus tantus sibi spiritus sumpserat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 33 fin.:

tum sibi M. Pisonis domum ubi habitaret elegerat,

Cic. Phil. 2, 25, 61; cf. I. A. 2. supra. So esp. freq. in expressions of surprise or abrupt questions (commonly, but loosely called a dat. ethic.):

quid sibi vult pater? cur simulat?

Ter. And. 2, 3, 1:

quid sibi hic vestitus quaerit?

id. Eun. 3, 5, 10:

hostes admiratio cepit, quidnam sibi repentinus clamor vellet,

Liv. 44, 12, 1:

quid ergo sibi vult pars altera orationis?

id. 40, 12, 14:

mirantes, quid sibi vellet,

id. 3, 35, 5; 3, 50, 15; 4, 13, 12;

32, 25, 10: pro deum fidem quid vobis vultis?

id. 3, 67, 7. —

Sibi with suus, emphasizing the idea of possession, his own, etc. (ante- and post-class.):

cocleae... Suo sibi suco vivont,

Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 13:

sed is quo pacto serviat suo sibi patri,

id. ib. prol. 5;

46: si ille huc salvos revenit, reddam suom sibi,

id. Trin. 1, 2, 119 Brix. ad loc.:

suam sibi rem salvam sistam,

id. Poen. 5, 2, 123:

locus argumento'st suom sibi proscaenium,

id. ib. prol. 57;

97: omnem rem inveni, ut sua sibi pecunia hodie illam faciat leno libertam suam,

id. Pers. 1, 3, 1:

suo sibi gnato,

id. As. 4, 2, 16:

hunc telo suo sibi a foribus pellere,

id. Am. 1, 1, 113:

sua sibi ingenua indoles,

id. Mil. 3, 1, 38:

suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 35:

uvas suo sibi pampino tegito,

Col. Arb. 11:

suo sibi jure ablui,

id. R. R. 12, 7; 12, 41:

suo sibi argumento refutatus,

Gell. 5, 10, 16:

suo sibi lacte aleret,

id. 12, 1, 6:

a suis sibi parentibus,

App. M. 1, p. 104, 35:

in suis sibi domibus,

id. ib. 1, p. 106, 31; 4, p. 157, 7;

6, p. 186, 24: qui Deo... sua sibi opera praetulerunt,

Lact. 2, 5, 6; 3, 28, 20:

in suo sibi pervoluta sanguine,

App. M. 8, p. 207, 22; Vitr. 8, 7:

cum sua sibi natione captivus,

Min. Fel. 10, 4:

IN SVO SIBI POSITVS,

Inscr. Orell. 4495:

AEDEM CVM SVO SIBI HYPOGAEO,

Inscr. Rein. p. 646, 109.—In many passages in class. prose sibi occurs with suus, but retains its pronom. force:

factus consul est bis, primum ante tempus, iterum sibi suo tempore, rei publicae paene sero,

in good time for himself, Cic. Lael. 3, 11:

satis superque esse sibi suarum cuique rerum,

id. ib. 13, 45:

priusquam tu suum sibi venderes, ipse possedit,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 96:

vult ille inbecillitatis sibi suae conscius timere pituitam?

Sen. Q. N. 6, 2, 4 (v. suus II. D. 3. a).

āla, ae, f. [for axla, contr. from axilla, Cic. Or. 45, 153; cf. anchos = ômos (Hesych.) = shoulder = O. H. Germ. Ahsala; Germ. Achsel].

Lit., a wing, as of a bird: galli plausu premunt alas, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 26; Verg. A. 3, 226 al.: Me. Vox mihi ad aurīs advolavit. So. Ne ego homo infelix fui, qui non alas intervelli, that I did not pluck off its wings, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.— Poet., of the gods:

Mors atris circumvolat alis,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 58:

volucris Fati Tardavit alas,

id. C. 2, 17, 25:

bibulae Cupidinis alae,

Ov. A. A. 1, 233:

furvis circumdatus alis Somnus,

Tib. 2, 1, 89:

me jocundis Sopor impulit alis,

Prop. 1, 3, 45:

Madidis Notus evolat alis,

Ov. M. 1, 264.—Of sails:

velorum pandimus alas,

Verg. A. 3, 520.—Of oars:

classis centenis remiget alis,

Prop. 4, 6, 47:

remigium alarum,

Verg. A. 1, 301 (cf. Hom. Od. 11, 125);

so inversely remi is used of wings: super fluctus alarum insistere remis,

Ov. M. 5, 558 (cf. pterois eressei, Eur. Iphig. Taur. 289; Aeschyl. Agam. 52; and cf. Lucr. 6, 743). —Of wind and lightning:

Nisus Emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis,

Verg. A. 5, 319 al. —

Transf.

In man, the upper and under part of the arm, where it unites with the shoulder; the armpit, Liv. 9, 41; 30, 34:

aliquid sub alā portare,

Hor. Ep. 1, 13, 12:

hirquinae,

Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 51:

hirsutae,

Hor. Epod. 12, 5:

halitus oris et alarum vitia,

Plin. 21, 20, 83, § 142:

virus alarum et sudores,

id. 35, 15, 52, § 185:

sudor alarum,

Petr. 128 (many Romans were accustomed to pluck out the hair from the armpits, Sen. Ep. 114; Juv. 11, 157; v. alipilus).—

In animals, the hollow where the foreleg is joined to the shoulder; the shoulder - blade. —Of elephants, Plin. 11, 40, 95, § 324.—Of frogs, Plin. 9, 51, 74, § 159.—

In trees and plants, the hollow where the branch unites with the stem, Plin. 16, 7, 10, § 29; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 25, 5, 18, § 38 al.—

In buildings, the wings, the side apartments on the right and left of the court, the side halls or porches, the colonnades; called also in Gr. ptera, Vitr. 6, 4, 137; 4, 7, 92.—

In milit. lang., the wing of an army (thus conceived of as a bird of prey), commonly composed of the Roman cavalry and the troops of the allies, esp. their horsemen; hence, alarii in contrast with legionarii, and separated from them in enumeration, also having a leader, called praefectus alae, Tac. H. 2, 59 al.; cf. Lips. de Milit. Rom. 1, 10 Manut.; Cic. Fam. 2, 17 fin.; Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 1, 51; Smith, Dict. Antiq.; Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 4, 6; cf. Gell. 10, 9, 1:

Alae, equites: ob hoc alae dicti, quia pedites tegunt alarum vice,

Serv. ad Verg. A. 4, 121: peditatu, equitibus atque alis cum hostium legionibus pugnavit, Cato ap. Gell. 15, 9, 5; Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

dextera ala (in alas divisum socialem exercitum habebat) in primā acie locata est,

Liv. 31, 21; Vell. 2, 117 al.—An ala, as a military division, usu. consisted of about 500 men, Liv. 10, 29.

—So, Ala Flaviana, Ala Nova, et saep. (cf. castrum, II. 1. fin.).